Sociologist
(FR)About
Sociologist is a 10yo ch unknown from France trained by S Dixon, who is based at Rolleston. It is sired by the stallion Society Rock out of the dam Fabiola. Sociologist has managed to win 5 races in its career so far. On 9th May 2021 at Thirsk, Sociologist scored its most significant win to date, getting the money in the $9250 Visit Racingtv.com Handicap.
Race Record
| Event Summary | Runner Stats | Rank |
|---|---|---|
| Catterick 24-Apr-24 2425m SOFT R4 , Winning Time: 02:40.790 | E Whittington 53.5kg, Cd 0 | 9 (10) |
| Southwell 06-Mar-24 2835m GOOD R7 Hcp (of $5,339) Barrier 9, Winning Time: 03:05.510, SP: 22/1 Chased leaders and kept wide over 2f, led 11f out and set steady pace, pushed along and headed over 2f out, weakened rapidly, soon behind | H Doyle 57.2kg, Cd 0 15.75L | 9 (9) |
| Southwell 28-Feb-24 2233m GOOD R8 Hcp $675 (of $5,757), Winning Time: 02:22.840, SP: 18/1 Pushed along to lead and set decent pace, pushed clear 4f out, ridden and reduced lead over 2f out, headed inside final 2f, weakened inside final furlong | K T O'neill 57.2kg, Cd 0 4.50L | 4 (11) |
| Southwell 24-Jan-24 2835m GOOD R9 Hcp (of $2,983) Barrier 10, Winning Time: 03:09.030, SP: 66/1 Soon led, ridden over 3f out, headed over 2f out, weakened over 1f out | K T O'neill 54.9kg, Cd 0 17.75L | 9 (10) |
| Wolverhampton 14-Jan-24 2460m GOOD R8 Hcp (of $5,234) Barrier 1, Winning Time: 02:40.010, SP: 66/1 Ridden away from stalls, mid-division, soon racing keenly, headway on inside 5f out, weakened over 1f out | E Whittington 58.5kg, Cd 0 14.25L | 10 (10) |
| Wolverhampton 19-Dec-23 2460m GOOD R3 Hcp (of $3,140) Barrier 3, Winning Time: 02:43.300, SP: 33/1 Pushed along early, never closer than mid-division | E Whittington 57.2kg, Cd 0 12.75L | 12 (12) |
| Wolverhampton 11-Dec-23 2460m GOOD R4 Hcp $626 (of $5,339) Barrier 11, Winning Time: 02:41.660, SP: 40/1 Mid-division, took keen hold, headway to lead 8f out, headed over 1f out, one pace inside final furlong | E Whittington 59kg, Cd 0 4.25L | 4 (12) |
| Southwell 07-Dec-23 2835m GOOD R7 Hcp (of $3,873) Barrier 8, Winning Time: 03:07.600, SP: 33/1 Led, clear 10f out, headed over 2f out, soon weakened | E Whittington 57.2kg, Cd 0 33.25L | 12 (12) |
| Kempton 29-Jun-23 3216m GOOD R8 Hcp (of $3,140) Barrier 10, Winning Time: 03:30.400, SP: 13/2 Soon led, headed over 3f out, soon weakened | E Whittington 55.8kg, Cd 0 0.00L | 8 (13) |
| Wolverhampton 06-Jun-23 3328m GOOD R7 Hcp $761 (of $3,245) Barrier 11, Winning Time: 03:39.010, SP: 22/1 Soon led, headed over 1f out, kept on same pace final furlong | E Whittington 58.5kg 4.75L | 3 (13) |
| Nottingham 13-May-23 2816m SOFT R7 Hcp $522 (of $4,449) Barrier 9, Winning Time: 03:15.180, SP: 16/1 Wide and headway to lead after 1f, soon 3 lengths clear, headed 3f out, ridden 2f out, kept on same pace | D Swift 55.8kg, Cd 0 6.25L | 4 (10) |
| Catterick 26-Apr-23 2425m SOFT R4 Hcp (of $3,664) Barrier 13, Winning Time: 02:42.330, SP: 10/1 Ridden away from stalls, soon led, headed 2f out, weakened inside final furlong | D Swift 57.2kg, Cd 0 4.75L | 9 (14) |
| Bath 22-Apr-23 2338m SOFT R7 Hcp $399 (of $3,402) Barrier 9, Winning Time: 02:35.230, SP: 16/5 Raced keenly, chased leaders, pushed along over 2f out, stayed on same pace in 4th and no impression final furlong | H Doyle 61.2kg, Cd 0 10.25L | 4 (14) |
| Bath 07-Apr-23 2338m SOFT R3 Hcp $3,190 (of $13,608) Barrier 7, Winning Time: 02:38.250, SP: 9/1 Pressed leader, pushed along 5f out, ridden to lead over 1f out, headed and no extra in 3rd final 110 yards | K T O'neill 59.4kg 2.50L | 3 (14) |
| Southwell 11-Jan-23 3312m GOOD R6 Hcp (of $3,402) Barrier 7, Winning Time: 03:39.900, SP: 18/1 Led, ridden and headed over 2f out, weakened from over 1f out | E Whittington 57.6kg, Cd 0 12.25L | 9 (11) |
| Southwell 23-Dec-22 2426m SYNTHETIC R2 CL6Hcp (of $3,726) Barrier 10, Winning Time: 02:35.410, SP: 13/2 Slowly away, headway to lead after 1f, pushed along 4f out, ridden and headed over 1f out, no extra inside final furlong | D Swift 58.1kg, Cd 0 3.75L | 5 (9) |
| Southwell 13-Dec-22 2835m SYNTHETIC R6 CL6Hcp $533 (of $4,536) Barrier 10, Winning Time: 03:04.270, SP: 16/1 Ridden away from stalls, led after 1f, clear with a circuit to go until over 2f out, headed over 1f out, fading inside final furlong | P Dennis 59.4kg, Cd 0 6.25L | 4 (10) |
| Southwell 07-Dec-22 2426m SYNTHETIC R9 CL5Hcp (of $4,536) Barrier 5, Winning Time: 02:39.650, SP: 14/1 Prominent, ridden 2f out, soon beaten, weakened inside final furlong | K T O'neill 54.9kg, Cd 0 6.00L | 8 (10) |
| Nottingham 26-Oct-22 2057m SOFT R8 CL6Hcp $1,284 (of $2,566) Barrier 12, Winning Time: 02:19.000, SP: 11/1 Handy, led halfway, pushed along over 3f out, ridden and headed over 2f out, kept on one pace | M M Ennis 71.7kg 2.25L | 2 (14) |
| Catterick 02-Aug-22 3190m SOFT R3 CL6Hcp (of $7,000) Barrier 4, Winning Time: 03:32.070, SP: 13/2 Handy, led with just over a circuit to go, pushed along and headed 4f out, gradually faded | J Fisher 60.3kg, Cd 0 21.75L | 5 (9) |
| Southwell 20-Jul-22 2426m SYNTHETIC R3 CL6Hcp $437 (of $7,500) Barrier 2, Winning Time: 02:41.370, SP: 10/3 Disputed lead, led narrowly after 2f, ridden and headed 4f out, one pace final 2f | J Fisher 59.4kg, Cd 0 7.25L | 4 (9) |
| Catterick 06-Jul-22 3190m GOOD R5 CL5Hcp $938 (of $8,000) Barrier 8, Winning Time: 03:28.800, SP: 10/1 Soon led, ridden and headed 2f out, no impression on winner from over 1f out, lost 2nd inside final furlong, kept on | J Fisher 59.4kg 5.50L | 3 (8) |
| Carlisle 22-Jun-22 2248m GOOD R5 CL4Hcp (of $31,000) Barrier 5, Winning Time: 02:22.050, SP: 40/1 Prominent, led after 4 furlongs, ridden well over 2f out, headed 2f out, soon beaten | J Duern 54kg, Cd 0 5.75L | 9 (14) |
| Doncaster 04-Jun-22 2921m GOOD R3 CL5Hcp $412 (of $7,100) Barrier 5, Winning Time: 03:10.190, SP: 7/2 Soon led and 5 lengths clear, ridden and headed 3f out, plugged on | J Duern 57.2kg, Cd 0 13.00L | 4 (6) |
| Pontefract 28-May-22 2418m GOOD R4 CL5Hcp $3,456 (of $7,000) Barrier 2, Winning Time: 02:40.850, SP: 11/2 Pushed along to soon lead, pushed 3 lengths clear over 2f out, ridden out | J Duern 55.8kg | 1 (4) |
| Catterick 21-May-22 2790m GOOD R3 CL6Hcp (of $7,000) Barrier 9, Winning Time: 03:01.520, SP: 10/1 Led after 2f, ridden and headed over 1f out, no extra inside final furlong | J Fisher 57.6kg, Cd 0 3.75L | 5 (11) |
| Southwell 25-Apr-22 2426m SYNTHETIC R3 CL6Hcp (of $6,100) Barrier 12, Winning Time: 02:36.500, SP: 16/1 Led, asked for effort 3f out, headed and weakened from over 2f out | J Fisher 61.2kg, Cd 0 10.50L | 7 (11) |
| Catterick 26-Oct-21 2425m SOFT R4 CL4Hcp (of $9,250) Barrier 10, Winning Time: 02:45.810, SP: 14/1 Mid-division out wide, closer halfway, weakened quickly inside final 4f, tailed off and eased final 2f | K T O'neill 54.9kg, Cd 0 | 12 (12) |
| Pontefract 04-Oct-21 3622m SOFT R4 CL5Hcp (of $7,200) Barrier 5, Winning Time: 04:09.180, SP: 14/1 Raced keenly, tracked leader, led 4f out, ridden and headed 3f out, soon lost 2nd chased | J P Sullivan 62.6kg, Cd 0 32.75L | 5 (8) |
| Chester 21-Aug-21 3196m GOOD R7 CL4Hcp $1,141 (of $10,200) Barrier 5, Winning Time: 03:34.250, SP: 9/1 In touch, pushed along over 3f out, ridden and headway to chase leading pair approaching final furlong, kept on same pace | J P Sullivan 54.9kg 7.25L | 3 (7) |
| Southwell 15-Aug-21 2426m SYNTHETIC R6 CL5Hcp $380 (of $7,200) Barrier 3, Winning Time: 02:41.440, SP: 13/2 Tracked winner until ridden 3f out, weakened over 1f out | K T O'neill 59.4kg, Cd 0 19.50L | 4 (8) |
| Haydock 07-Aug-21 2340m SOFT R7 CL4Hcp $558 (of $10,000) Barrier 9, Winning Time: 02:32.810, SP: 14/1 Held up, headway on inside tracking leaders 3f out, weakened over 1f out | J Crowley 55.3kg, Cd 0 7.00L | 4 (10) |
| York 10-Jul-21 3269m GOOD R3 CL4Hcp (of $13,200) Barrier 9, Winning Time: 03:33.380, SP: 20/1 Chased leader, led after 6f, ridden and headed over 3f out, weakened over 2f out, eased final furlong | J P Sullivan 56.7kg, Cd 0 28.50L | 13 (14) |
| Newbury 23-Jun-21 2414m SOFT R4 CL4Hcp (of $9,250) Barrier 8, Winning Time: 02:36.430, SP: 14/1 Led, stayed far side, ridden and headed 2f out, soon weakened | J Fisher 57.2kg, Cd 0 12.50L | 5 (10) |
| Ripon 27-May-21 2423m SOFT R3 CL4Hcp $2,142 (of $9,650) Barrier 3, Winning Time: 02:39.940, SP: 9/2 Led, pushed along over 4f out, headed over 3f out, hung right and every chance over 1f out, no impression on winner final 100 yards, kept on | S H James 54.4kg 0.75L | 2 (6) |
| Catterick 22-May-21 2790m HEAVY R6 CL5Hcp (of $6,500) Barrier 9, Winning Time: 03:19.180, SP: 11/4 Led after 2f, ridden and headed over 2f out, weakened over 1f out | J Fisher 60.3kg, Cd 0 15.75L | 4 (5) |
| York 12-May-21 2384m SOFT R7 CL4Hcp (of $13,200) Barrier 15, Winning Time: 02:35.490, SP: 13/2 Tracked leaders, went 2nd approaching halfway, led briefly over 5f out until pushed along and hung left over 3f out, chased leader until ridden over 2f out, soon weakened | J P Sullivan 52.6kg, Cd 0 12.25L | 8 (19) |
| Thirsk 09-May-21 2421m SOFT R4 CL4Hcp $4,347 (of $9,250) Barrier 6, Winning Time: 02:41.650, SP: 11/2 Led and set strong pace, went clear 9f out, pushed along over 2f out, stayed on strongly, unchallenged | J P Sullivan 53.5kg | 1 (9) |
| Southwell 26-Apr-21 2233m SYNTHETIC R7 CL5Hcp $2,862 (of $6,500) Barrier 5, Winning Time: 02:32.050, SP: 9/4 Prominent, soon led, joined 3f out, pushed along before 2f out, rallied before 1f out, in control final 110 yards | J Fisher 56.2kg | 1 (7) |
| Southwell 21-Apr-21 2426m SYNTHETIC R7 CL6Hcp $1,090 (of $5,527) Barrier 5, Winning Time: 02:46.110, SP: 18/1 Raced wide tracked leader, led 5f out, ridden 3f out, headed inside final furlong | J Fisher 60.3kg 1.50L | 2 (9) |
| Southwell 20-Mar-21 2426m SYNTHETIC R7 CL5Hcp (of $6,545) Barrier 1, Winning Time: 02:41.350, SP: 12/1 Led, ridden and headed approaching 2f out, weakened inside final furlong | J Fisher 58.5kg, Cd 0 8.00L | 4 (4) |
| Southwell 10-Nov-20 2835m SYNTHETIC R6 CL5Hcp (of $6,545) Barrier 9, SP: 14/1 Tracked winner until ridden 3f out, weakened inside final furlong | B Mchugh 61.7kg, Cd 0 7.25L | 4 (9) |
| Catterick 18-Oct-20 2425m SOFT R5 CL4Hcp $750 (of $8,968) Barrier 1, Winning Time: 02:49.990, SP: 11/1 Tracked leaders, led over 3f out, ridden and headed over 1f out, kept on same pace | B Mchugh 55.3kg 8.50L | 3 (11) |
| Redcar 03-Oct-20 2814m SOFT R6 CL5Hcp (of $7,500) Barrier 12, Winning Time: 03:12.970, SP: 12/1 Pressed leader on outside, led halfway, headed 4f out, ridden and weakened over 2f out | B Mchugh 59.4kg, Cd 0 19.50L | 6 (11) |
| Ripon 26-Sep-20 2423m SOFT R5 CL4Hcp $1,058 (of $12,200) Barrier 8, Winning Time: 02:38.210, SP: 22/1 Led, ridden over 3f out, headed over 2f out, one pace from over 1f out | H Shaw 54.9kg 4.75L | 3 (9) |
| Beverley 27-Aug-20 2435m SOFT R9 CL5Hcp (of $5,400) Barrier 7, Winning Time: 02:46.040, SP: 17/2 Bumped badly start, in rear, short of room over 3f out, moderate headway when ridden over 2f out | B Mchugh 60.3kg, Cd 0 9.50L | 7 (10) |
| Chester 21-Aug-20 3196m SOFT R9 CL3Hcp (of $11,400) Barrier 2, Winning Time: 03:39.580, SP: 11/1 Led until over 2f out, chased leaders, weakened over 1f out | B Mchugh 54.9kg, Cd 0 16.75L | 6 (8) |
| Ayr 28-Jul-20 2638m SOFT R6 CL4Hcp $1,396 (of $7,250) Barrier 3, Winning Time: 02:57.380, SP: 6/1 Soon led and set decent pace, pushed clear 2f out, reduced lead inside final furlong, ridden and battled on until headed and no extra towards finish | B Mchugh 56.7kg 0.75L | 2 (8) |
| Hamilton 03-Jul-20 2629m SOFT R9 CL5Hcp $3,493 (of $5,400) Barrier 5, Winning Time: 02:58.270, SP: 7/1 Soon led, pulled well clear with nearest pursuer after 3f, improved lead over weakening second over 3f out, ridden and well clear over 1f out, kept on well | B Mchugh 53.5kg | 1 (10) |
| Thirsk 22-Jun-20 2816m GOOD R10 CL6Hcp (of $4,300) Barrier 7, Winning Time: 03:01.850, SP: 12/1 Mid-division, headway on outside chasing leaders over 2f out, hung left and ridden inside final 2f, plugged on same pace final furlong | B Mchugh 60.3kg, Cd 0 4.00L | 4 (13) |
| Beverley 11-Jun-20 2435m GOOD R9 CL6Hcp $828 (of $4,300) Barrier 12, Winning Time: 02:44.970, SP: 7/1 Chased leaders on outside, led 10f out, headed over 1f out, no impression on winner final 100 yards | B Mchugh 59.4kg 1.50L | 2 (12) |
| Southwell 11-Mar-20 2426m SYNTHETIC R6 CL6Hcp (of $5,593) Barrier 6, Winning Time: 02:40.450, SP: 9/2 Soon led, ridden and headed 2f out, no extra and lost 3rd close home | O Stammers 62.6kg, Cd 0 9.25L | 4 (8) |
| Southwell 01-Mar-20 2835m SYNTHETIC R3 CL4Hcp (of $9,662) Barrier 7, Winning Time: 03:07.850, SP: 4/1 Chased winner, pushed along over 4f out, lost 2nd over 3f out, soon no impression, weakened and lost remote 3rd close home | B Mchugh 54.4kg, Cd 0 19.00L | 4 (7) |
| Southwell 19-Feb-20 2835m SYNTHETIC R6 CL6Hcp $828 (of $6,093) Barrier 1, Winning Time: 03:07.210, SP: 16/1 Led 4f, with leader, led again 3f out, ridden inside final 2f, kept on until headed and no extra well inside final furlong | B Mchugh 59.9kg 1.00L | 2 (12) |
| Southwell 23-Jan-20 2426m SYNTHETIC R7 CL6Hcp (of $5,593) Barrier 6, Winning Time: 02:40.270, SP: 5/1 Chased leaders, pushed along over 3f out, weakened soon after | J Fisher 59kg, Cd 0 15.25L | 6 (10) |
| Southwell 16-Jan-20 2835m SYNTHETIC R7 CL6Hcp $828 (of $6,093) Barrier 2, Winning Time: 03:05.760, SP: 13/2 Raced wide close up, went 2nd 4f out, ridden to lead over 2f out, joined over 1f out, headed close home | B Mchugh 60.3kg 0.50L | 2 (6) |
| Southwell 29-Dec-19 2426m SYNTHETIC R7 CL6Hcp (of $6,093) Barrier 6, Winning Time: 02:37.900, SP: 5/1 Soon led, pushed along and headed over 3f out, chased leader until over 1f out, kept on same pace | J Fisher 60.3kg, Cd 0 5.25L | 4 (10) |
| Southwell 20-Dec-19 2233m SYNTHETIC R4 CL6Hcp $828 (of $5,593) Barrier 2, Winning Time: 02:27.860, SP: 5/1 Raced wide held up, headway 6f out, led over 4f out, ridden 2f out, headed towards finish | J Fisher 59.9kg 0.30L | 2 (12) |
| Southwell 06-Dec-19 2426m SYNTHETIC R4 CL5Hcp $1,020 (of $7,045) Barrier 6, Winning Time: 02:38.730, SP: 11/2 Soon led, ridden and headed over 2f out, kept on same pace, no chance with winner final furlong | J Fisher 58.1kg 3.75L | 2 (8) |
| Southwell 29-Nov-19 2426m SYNTHETIC R3 CL5Hcp (of $6,545) Barrier 3, Winning Time: 02:36.630, SP: 7/2 Tracked leaders, chased winner 4f out, pushed along 3f out, ridden 2f out, weakened final furlong | B Mchugh 54.9kg 11.00L | 3 (7) |
| Nottingham 30-Oct-19 2057m SOFT R8 CL6Hcp $968 (of $6,258) Barrier 2, Winning Time: 02:22.430, SP: 2/1 Chased leaders, led after 2f, sent clear 3f out, headed inside final furlong, kept on | M S Walker 72.1kg 0.75L | 2 (10) |
| Yarmouth 22-Oct-19 2032m HEAVY R5 CL6Hcp (of $5,593) Barrier 3, Winning Time: 02:14.410, SP: 8/1 Prominent, ridden over 2f out, faded inside final furlong | J Fisher 59kg, Cd 0 8.25L | 6 (15) |
| Nottingham 09-Oct-19 2057m SOFT R8 CL5Hcp (of $7,211) Barrier 1, Winning Time: 02:16.410, SP: 25/1 Tracked leaders, went 2nd over 4f out, ridden over 2f out, kept on same pace, no extra and lost place inside final furlong | K Schofield 59kg, Cd 0 4.25L | 5 (15) |
| Southwell 27-Sep-19 2426m SYNTHETIC R4 CL5Hcp (of $7,045) Barrier 5, Winning Time: 02:34.930, SP: 66/1 Soon prominent, led 5f out, headed over 3f out, weakened over 1f out | J Fisher 61.7kg, Cd 0 18.25L | 5 (7) |
| Doncaster 31-Mar-19 2051m GOOD R7 CL5Hcp (of $7,021) Barrier 13, Winning Time: 02:09.930, SP: 33/1 Mid-division on outside, weakened over 2f out | T Ladd 57.2kg, Cd 0 11.25L | 10 (17) |
| Southwell 25-Jan-19 2426m SYNTHETIC R4 CL4Hcp (of $10,600) Barrier 2, Winning Time: 02:40.760, SP: 25/1 Tracked leaders and keen, weakened well over 1f out | K T O'neill 56.2kg, Cd 0 16.50L | 8 (9) |
| Southwell 20-Dec-18 2426m SYNTHETIC R1 CL4Hcp (of $11,600) Barrier 6, Winning Time: 02:34.890, SP: 16/1 Raced wide tracked leaders, ridden 4f out, weakened 3f out | T Ladd 58.1kg, Cd 0 21.50L | 5 (6) |
| Southwell 11-Dec-18 2835m SYNTHETIC R4 CL5Hcp (of $7,021) Barrier 5, Winning Time: 03:03.120, SP: 9/2 Hampered and dropped to rear leaving stalls, switched to outer and headway to lead after 3f, ridden and headed 3f out, weakened over 1f out | T Ladd 59kg, Cd 0 35.75L | 8 (9) |
| Southwell 12-Nov-18 2233m SYNTHETIC R4 CL5Md $3,752 (of $5,800) Barrier 4, Winning Time: 02:29.420, SP: 7/2 Made most, pushed along 3f out, ridden and hung right from over 1f out, ran on | T Ladd 59.4kg | 1 (9) |
| Doncaster 27-Oct-18 1413m SOFT R7 CL4Hcp (of $9,750) Barrier 2, Winning Time: 01:26.240, SP: 20/1 Close up, ridden over 2f out, weakened final furlong | T Ladd 57.6kg, Cd 0 8.25L | 8 (10) |
| Nottingham 28-Jun-18 1677m GOOD R4 CL5Hcp (of $7,211) Barrier 4, Winning Time: 01:43.680, SP: 15/2 Held up, ridden and some late headway over 1f out, never nearer | J Parkes 59.9kg, Cd 0 5.25L | 5 (8) |
| Brighton 03-May-18 1399m SOFT R3 CL5Hcp (of $7,021) Barrier 4, Winning Time: 01:25.330, SP: 10/3 Chased leaders, ridden to challenge over 2f out, hung left over 1f out, weakened closing stages | J Parkes 60.3kg, Cd 0 3.00L | 4 (7) |
| Wolverhampton 15-Mar-18 1905m SYNTHETIC R7 CL5Hcp (of $7,021) Barrier 1, Winning Time: 02:01.740, SP: 12/1 Tracked leaders, ridden and every chance inside final furlong, not quicken towards finish | J Parkes 60.3kg 0.50L | 3 (7) |
| Lingfield 25-Feb-18 1610m SYNTHETIC R1 CL5Nv (of $5,800) Barrier 8, Winning Time: 01:37.850, SP: 6/1 Dwelt, soon chasing leaders on outside, led 5f out, ridden approaching final furlong, headed inside final furlong, weakened final 100 yards | C Bishop 58.1kg, Cd 0 3.75L | 5 (9) |
| Lingfield 03-Feb-18 2011m SYNTHETIC R3 CL5Nv (of $5,800) Barrier 2, Winning Time: 02:04.350, SP: 9/2 Slowly into stride, chased leaders, effort over 1f out, stayed on same pace | O Murphy 58.1kg 4.00L | 3 (6) |
| Lingfield 26-Jan-18 2011m SYNTHETIC R4 CL6Nv (of $4,800) Barrier 8, Winning Time: 02:07.850, SP: 10/1 Started slowly, ran very green in rear, headway on outside over 1f out, kept on final furlong, went never nearer 4th near finish | F Berry 58.1kg, Cd 0 5.75L | 4 (8) |